Drama: The Rising of the moon

 Textual Activities 

1.Find out the reason of the man for staying at the place.

Ans: To make a few shillings the man stayed at the place.

2. The stranger stays with the Sergeant. Find a way ...... by him to allow him.

Ans: The stranger stays with the Sergeant by telling him that he would wait for sailors. The sailors would buy a ballad off him. 

3. Write about the persuasive approach of the man?

Ans: The man wanted to stay at bay .He persuades the sergeant to allow him to sit on the steps .Then he tells the sergeant that he knows the man he is waiting for.

4.The man and the Sergeant need each other’s support. Find such examples.

Ans: The following conversation shows they need each other’s support

Sergeant : You know him? Come back here. What sort is he? 

Man : Come back is it, Sergeant? 

5. The man tries to enforce the Sergeant in favour of the criminal Find the sentence from the text.

Ans: I wouldn’t be in your shoes if the reward was ten times as much.

6. Find the life of the singer that is mentioned in the extract.

Ans:  He is a poor man. He sings on the streets and in fairs. He walked through the hills to view rocks and streams.

7.The wavelength of the man and the Sergeant goes together find the evidences from the text. 

Ans: The man sings patriotic songs. The Sergeant remembers the songs. 

8. The discussion about patriotic songs goes on. Find the points from the extract.

Ans: When the man 

9. There is a reference of a criminal. Find sentences in the context and write

Ans: breaking gaol and hiding in the dark, 

myself would be trying maybe to put a bullet in his head, or to take up a lump of a stone the way you said he did

10. The Sergeants reaction surprises the audience. Write your opinion.

 

11. The Sergeant support the man by misguiding his comrades. Write your views. 

12. Write your opinion about the man and the Sergeant.

BRAINSTORMING

(A1) There are some dialogues which are short, but quite effective. They give us enjoyment and add beauty to the main story. Find some more from the text. 

(A2) Theme 

(i) Comment on the given statement after reading the given dialogue-

a. And if we get him itself, nothing but abuse on our heads for it from the people, and maybe from our own relations-you may begin like this

 

We do not think about society at large because people do not understand how difficult time we face in force. They abuse us even if we obey the orders. 

b. It’s a pity some honest man not to be better of that. 

c. I wouldn’t be in your shoes if he reward me ten times as much. People generally fall victim to incentives. Some people stick to values. They do not give importance to reward but the nationalism. 

d. But when I saw a man in trouble, I could never help trying to set him out of it. 

Its human to help others. Here the statement tells us that we should help the people in trouble to come out of it.

(ii) The priorities of the Sergeant are shifted. Complete the given table by using the given clues. 

Priorities of the sergeant at the beginning        Priorities of the sergeant at the end of the play

 

Find sentences from the play related to the given points.

a. Loyalty in Irish Nationalism:

(1) May be Sergeant you’ll be on the side of the country yet. 

(2) I am thinking it was with the people you were,

(3) In spite of your belt and your tunic, that it might have been as well for you to have followed Granuaile.

(4) Sergeant puts hat and wig behind his back.

b. Tension between different loyalties 

(1) It’s little we get but abuse from the people, and no choice but to obey our orders. 

(2) Indeed it’s a hard thing to be in the force, out at night and no thanks for it,

(3) But when I saw a man in trouble, I could never help trying to set him out of it.

(4) There’s many a thing a man might know and might not have any wish for.

 

(A5) The description of the character is given below. Identify the character from the play. Find some sentences which support your choice.

(a) He is a brave but irresponsible person.

Ans The character is the Sergeant. He is brave - I don’t want it. Bring it with you, He is irresponsible Sergeant (after a pause) - no one. 

(b) He is a major character. He dominates in the story. 

(1) Character : Man , A ballad singer : Jimmy Walsh a man who broke the jail 

(2) A story is woven around the a ballad singer.

(c) He is smart as well as brave.

(1) Character: Man 

(2) Proof : You might be standing there, looking out that way, thinking you saw him coming up this side of the quay (points), and he might be coming up this other side (points), and he’d be on you before you knew where you were.

(d) He is the centre of the play. 

(1) Character : Man 

(2)

(e) He is obedient and simple.

(1) Character : Sergeant

Upon Westminster Bridge.

 ICE BREAKERS 

• (i) A bridge connects people at either sides of a river or valleys in cities or villages. Discuss with your partner the importance of a bridge to both-the cities and the villages and complete the table. 

Cities 

Helps to reach other part

Helps to cross the road

Overbridge helps to smooth traffic 

Avoids accidents 

Villages 

Shortens the distance

Saves time

Saves life

Increases contacts

(ii) Building a bridge needs careful planning. Think about what goes on before the actual construction begins. 

Proper planning 

Inspecting sights 

Measurement

Drawing of the bridge (Blueprint)

Estimate

Purchasing land

Tendering

 

• You might have visited a bridge. Complete the web describing the sights you could see from the bridge.

BRAINSTORMING

Complete the following statements. 

1. He would be dull soul who ....... 

2. ....... lie open to field and sky. 

3. ....... never steeped so beautifully. 

4. The city wears....... 

1. The garment is compared with morning

2. The morning looks beautiful because it is silent.

3. Guess the meaning of ‘glideth’. It is archaic word meaning glide , here swim .

 

4. Guess what is referred to as the ‘Mighty heart’. People of the city 

(A1) For preparing questions based on the poem, overall understanding of the poem is a must. Discuss with your partner and prepare a set of five questions. 

For example: 

a. What is the name of the bridge? 

b. What does the city wear?

c. What is the beautiful morning compared to?

d. Mention the beautiful sights referred to in the poem.

e. State beautiful sights that can be seen from the bidge

f. How is the river?

g. What does the poet tell to the god?

(A2) (i) Choose the correct alternative for the given lines. Focus on the inference of the poet. 

(a) ‘Earth has not anything to show more fair:’ 

The line means- 

(1) The poet thinks that the place was not so good. 

(2) The poet thinks that there is another place which is more beautiful than this.

 

(3) The poet thinks that there is no place on the earth which is as beautiful as this one. 

(b) ‘Dull would he be of soul who could pass by’ 

The line means- 

(1) One can walk over the bridge and ignore the surrounding beauty. 

(2) One can halt at the place to enjoy the beauty. 

(3) Anyone with an appreciative mind would not be able to ignore the beauty. 

(c) Never did sun more beautifully steep. The line means - 

(1)The sun did not shine so beautifully. 

(2) The sun rise was more beautiful the poet had ever seen. 

(3) The sun did not rise more beautifully that morning. 

(d) 

(ii) ‘Earth has not anything to show more fair.’ 

This line expresses the poet’s feelings. The sight he saw from the bridge is beautiful. There are a few more lines similar to the above. With the help of your partner find them and discuss what they express. 

Never did sun more beautifully steep 

Ne’er saw I, never felt, a calm, so deep! 

The river glideth at his own sweet will:

(iii) The poem creates a delightful picture of the city, rich in its natural beauty. Work in pairs, groups and pick out the lines from the poem which give the pictorial effect to the poem. Write it in your own words.

This city now doth, like a garment, wear 

The beauty of the morning;

Ships, towers, domes, theaters, and temples lie 

Open unto the fields, and to the sky;

(A3) Find out the words and phrases which describe the following. One is done for you. 

sight touching in its majesty 

air smokeless

river sweet will

house asleep

morning like a garment 

sun steep in his splendour

Heart mighty

Sky bright 

(A4) Read the line : 

(i) ‘The city now, doth, like a garment wear’. The poet imagines that the city is wearing a beautiful garment. Hence, the figure of speech is personification. Find out more examples of personification from the poem. 

Never did sun more beautifully steep 

In his first splendour

(ii) ‘Dull would he be of soul who could pass by.’ 

This line of the poem can be rewritten as: 

'He would be of dull soul.' 

The figure of speech is known as ‘Inversion’. 

Find out one more example of Inversion from the poem. 

Never did sun more beautifully steep 

Ne’er saw I

(iii) The poem is a Petrarchan Sonnet. The poem is divided into two parts- 

(a) An Octave 

The first part comprising eight lines. 

(b) A sestet 

The second part comprising six lines. 

Read the first four lines of the poem. The rhyme scheme is a b b a. Read the rhyme scheme for next four lines. It is a b b a. Now read the first three lines of the sestet and note the rhyme scheme. It is c d c. The rhyme scheme of the last three lines is d c d. This is the common design of a Petrarchan Sonnet.

(A5) (i) Write the appreciation of the poem. 

The poem ‘Upon Westminster Bridge’ is a Petrarchan sonnet. In this poem the poet describes the beauty of the bridge. It is a romantic poem. The poet was mesmerised with the panoramic landscape, beauty, calm and quiet nature seen from the Westminster Bridge. 

Theme: The theme of the poem is the beauty of the common things seen from the poet’s eyes. The nature is filled with varied beautiful object. The beauty lies in the eyes of beholder. 

Poetic Devices:

The use of poetic devices like metaphor, simile, personification adds pictorial beauty to the poem.

The poem is a sonnet (14 lines) which is divided into two parts i.e Octave and sestet . The rhyme scheme is abba abba cdc dcd. The figures of speech like inversion adds special effect. There is use of archaic words. The poet has used simple and lucid language. 

Message 

Ordinary things also look beautiful if seen from the poet’s eye.

There is another sky

 2.3 There is Another Sky

(i) Life is an amalgam of happy and sad moments. Think of such moments in your life, pair with your classmate and share both the aspects of life. 

Happy Moments

Sad Moments

1. Winning the first prize in a competition

Losing your mobile, bicycle or wallet

2. Getting admission in the college of our choice Not getting admission

3. Meeting old friends Parting from friends

(ii) Discuss with your partner and find proverbs, idioms or phrases of similar meaning to the one given and fill them in the stars given below: 

(i) When we look at the sky, we find several objects. They stand for something or the other. Complete the following table by finding the significance of the given objects. One example is given to you. 

Sr. No. Celstial Bodies Association

1. The Sun Power, Heat, Energy, Commitment etc.

2. The Moon   Beauty, Light , Calmness, Love etc

3. The Rainbow   Unity, Beauty , Hope, etc

4. The Stars Light, Eternity, Guide, etc

(ii) Colours mentioned in the hexagons given below, are associated with something or the other. Discuss with your partner and fill in the blanks.

There is another sky,

Ever serene and fair,

And there is another sunshine,

Though it be darkness there;

Never mind faded forests, Austin,

Never mind silent fields—

Here is a little forest,

Whose leaf is ever green;

Here is a brighter garden,

Where not a frost has been;

In its unfading flowers

I hear the bright bee hum:

Prithee, my brother,

Into my garden come!

-Emily Dickinson

(A1) (i) Imagine your younger sister is not paying attention to her studies and is seen wasting time playing games on her cell-phone. Suggest some ways that will help her to concentrate on her studies and overcome her bad habit. 

Ans : Hey, Amruta, you are not paying attention to your study . It’s a bad habit to play games on cellphone. You should keep in mind that it makes one lazy for everything and busy for nothing. You should be crazy for books. Work hard to be Lord.

 

(ii) You have noticed that many of your classmates are not interested in outdoor games or participating in co-curricular activities. Discuss some ways in which they will be encouraged to participate in activities. 

Ans: The College should organise outdoor games. Participation in at least two activities should be made compulsory. Winners should get reward and certificate. The certificate should have weightage in the exam.

(A2) (i) Discuss with your partner and complete the web, highlighting the sad and gloomy aspects of life mentioned in the first part of the poem. 

(ii) The poet encourages her brother in the second part of the poem by telling him about the brighter side of life. Discuss with your partner and make a list of the expressions in the poem that mean encouragement. 

(a) Brighter garden 

(b) unfading flower

(c) bright bee hum

(iii) The poet has described two different shades of human feelings by using imagery of various forces of Nature in the poem. Pick out the terms or phrases that describe them. Complete the table given below. One is done for you. 

Nature

Feelings

Faded forests

Sad/gloomy

Silent fields loneliness

Bright bee hum joy

(iv) The poem expresses feelings of serenity. Pick out expressions from the above poem that express the same. 

(v) Compare and contrast the two opposing human feelings as expressed by the poet.

 

(A3) ‘Never mind faded forests, Austin’. The word ‘faded’ means to become dim or faint. The word describes the forests that have become faint or dim in appearance. Now go through the poem again and complete the table.

Describing Word Object Explanation

1. faded forests The forests have become faint or dim in appearance

2. silent fields The field has no trace of birds.

3. unfading flower The flower that mains on tree forever.

4. bright bee The bee is excited.

(A4) ‘I hear the bright bee hum.’ The poet has used the word ‘hum’ that indicates the sound made by the bee. This is an example of Onomatopoeia. The poet has used different figures of speech like alliteration, inversion and hyperbole in the poem. Identify them and pick out the lines accordingly. 

(a) Hyperbole – In its unfading flowers

(b) Alliteration – bright bee, faded forest

(c) Inversion – into my garden come

(A5) Imagine your friend is a table tennis champion who has won the semi-final in the inter-collegiate championship. Due to over confidence, she neither practices nor does she take her opponent seriously. This may result in her losing the final. Suggest some ways to make her aware of the importance of hard work and regular practice. 

(A6) (i) Use the following points and write an appreciation of the poem: 

• About the poem, poet and title 

• Theme 

• Poetic style, language, poetic devices used in the poem 

• Special features 

• Message/values/morals in the poem 

• Your opinion about the poem

(ii) Write a summary of the poem with the help of the points given below: 

• Title 

• Introductory paragraph (about the poem/ type/nature/tone) 

• Main body (central idea/gist of the poem) 

• Conclusion/ opinions/views/appeal 

(iii) Let’s compose a poem. Two lines are given. Add two of your own. 

There is another sky, 

Ever serene and fair

Get up and fly

Wait not , ride on mare

The Sower

 Ice breakers

Make a list of words related to agriculture.

Farm, crop, sowing, plough, cultivate, yield, seeds, grains, spade, scythe, sprout, pod, spray,

ii) Discuss the activities carried out by a farmer.

Ploughing    furrowing    sowing  cultivating  

iii) In our country engineering, teaching and medical field are much sought after. Other professions, occupations though they make a significant contribution to the society, do not get their due.

iv) ‘Agriculture is the backbone of the Indian Economy’ Fill in the boxes supporting this statement. Complete the web diagram.

Brain storming

(A1) There are a number of challenges a farmer in India faces. Discuss with your friend, how it is possible to improve the condition of farmers.

(A2) The poet has observed the sower closely. Express in your words the reverence the poet has for the sower.

Ans: The poet has great respect for the sower. The sower is described as hardworking and a man of patience. He is dominant. 

(A3) The poet is prompted to call the sower an ‘august personality’ which means one who reached the highest position in his work place. 

Explain this using the following points. 

Hard work          Perseverance              Dedication 

The sower is working hard. Though the working hours came to an end, he lingers in his work place. He sows the seeds and waits for the crop all the season. He works day and night to grow his crops. 

(A4)I)  Pick out the examples of alliteration from the poem and write them down.

Ans: 1.  Sunlight, I see, dying fast - The consonantal sound 's' is repeated pleasingly.

         2. Darkness deepens. -The consonantal sound 'd' is repeated pleasingly.

II) 'Seems to touch the starry skies'. The poet has used word imagery. Describe

the idea and pick out other similar examples from the poem.

Ans:  The poet has created a mental picture of a farmer touching the sky filled with  stars .

Similar examples of word imagery are as follows: 1.Twilight hastens on to rule

     2. Marches he along the plain.

(A5) (i) Write an appreciation of the poem considering the following points:

 • About the poem/poet/title.

 • Theme

 • Poetic devices, language, style

 • Special features/ novelties/focussing elements

 • Values, message

 • Your opinion about the poem

(ii) Write a summary of the poem using the following points:

 • Title

 • Introductory paragraph (about the poem, type, nature, tone)

Activity sheet

A1. Complete the web chart about poet's observation.

A2. "Soon shall come a time to reap". Name and explain the figure of speech and find one another of similar type.

Ans: Inversion : The line is not in a correct prose order. Correct order - A time shall come soon to reap.

 

        Other examples of inversion :1. Marches he along the plain 2. Now to sow the task is set.

A3 Pick out the line that shows evening time.

Ans: The following lines indicate evening time

         1. Sunlight, I see, dying fast

         2. Twilight hastens on to rule

         3. Shadows run across the lands

A4. Compose a poem on farmer in 4 line in continuation to the following

         Waiting for the rain

         To grow the grain.

        Eager to take world's care.

        Does he get his fare?

        Sometimes rain makes him.

       Sometimes it takes him.

The Cherry 🍒 Tree

 (A1) (i) Find proof from the poem for the following.

(a) The poet has mentioned different seasons.

Summer,monsoon, spring, 

(b) The poet’s minute observations of the steady growth of the cherry tree.

I found a tree had come to stay.

It was very small, five months child,

Lost in the tall grass running wild.

(c) The colour imagery in the poem.

Green growing pain, blossom small pink, blue blind sky, 

(d) The struggle of the cherry tree for survival.

The young tree struggle, upward thrust

Its arms in a fresh fierce lust

For light and air and sun.

(ii) State whether the following statements are True or False. Correct the false

statements by finding evidence from the poem to support your remark.

(a) The cherry tree did not take long to grow. False

The cherry tree took eight years long to grow. 

(b) Birds and insects were benefitted from the tree. True 

(c) The poet was exalted at the sight of the cherry tree. True

 

(d) The poem has an underlying message about the importance of trees. True

(e) The poet repents planting the cherry tree. False The poet praised planting the cherry tree

(A2) (i) Discuss in groups, reasons/ consequences/ effects:

(a) The life of the cherry tree was threatened because of goats grazing, grass cutters and monsoon. The cherry tree has no leaves and stem. It gets dried. But as the spring arrives new shoots grow.The young tree struggles for light,air and sun.

 

(b) The cherry blossomed. : The cherry tree bore just one BERRY. It was unbelievable. But the next year the tree was blossomed. The poet, bees, moon moths and crickets were much excited. 

(ii) A small thought, put in action, led to a great achievement. Pick out the 

lines from the beginning and end of the poem and explain their significance. 

Ans Lines from the beginning : Eight years have passed, Since I placed my cherry seed in the grass. 

These lines signify that the poet had a strong desire to plant a tree so put a seed in the grassy ground. It also signifies that a cherry seed gets to long to get growing. 

Concluding lines are :Yes, I praised Night and Stars and tree:That small, the cherry, grown by me. These lines are significant as these show the poet’s excitement at seeing the cherry tree grown by him. 

(A3) The cherry tree has inspired the poet to compose the poem. Such poems, 

describing Nature or aspects of Nature are called ‘Nature poems’. Find 

out some expressions from the poem that bring out the elements of beauty 

of Nature.

AnsExpressions from the poem that bring out the elements of beauty are as follows : running wild, slender stem, new shoots grow, arms in fresh fierce lust, bees in an ecstasy,the sun sank swiftly. 

(A4) (i) Read the line.

Pink, fragile, quick to fall

Notice the arrangement of the words in the line: 

They move from healthy to delicate

This figure of speech is called Climax where successive words, phrases, 

sentences are arranged in ascending order of importance. Here, the cherry 

blossom turns pink, ripens and is ready to be picked.

(ii) Find out examples from the poem.

Alliteration : 1. Its arms in a fresh fierce lust : A consonantal sound 'f' is repeated pleasingly. 

2. Made a miracle from green growing pain. : A consonantal sound 'g' is repeated rhythmically. 

Antithesis : 1. 

but cherries have a way of growing,

Though no one's caring very much or knowing. : Opposite idea of growing without caring is seen in the line. 

Personification :1. A Tree had come to stay : A tree has attributed human quality of coming and staying.

2. sleepiest breeze : Breeze is given human quality of being sleepy. 

(A5) (i) Cherry tree is a narrative poem. Features that make it a narrative poem 

are given below. Justify them with proper examples.

The poem has a beginning, a middle and an end. It begins with a planting of a cherry seed. It struggles to survive. Finally it blossoms. The poet’s residence and Kashmir are mentioned. The poet, grass cutters, bees , cricket and moon moths are the characters referred to in the poem. Incidents are arranged in sequence. It is a time-bound poem.

(iii) Write an appreciation of the poem considering the following points :

The poem, “Cherry Tree” is written by Ruskin Bond. It is about his ecstasy over a tree. He is expressing his wonder at the ways of Nature and how the cherry blossoms are fragile and quick to fall. The tree gives him immense joy as he can see the stars and the blue sky through dappled green trees.

It is enriched with poetic devices. The use of alliteration and rhyming words adds musical effects. The use of personification makes the poem live. Color imagery renders pictorial quality.The focus of the poem is on nature and its elements. 

The poem advises the planting of trees. The poet underlines importance of trees in human life. 

The poem is interesting to read. It is a story like. It keeps the reader engaged.

Kargil

 Icebreakers 

Ajoy and Sujoy went to watch a cricket match. They enjoyed it very much, but they missed their friends Vinay and Sunay. Next day, when the four friends met, Ajoy reported how the game was played, how the players performed and how the game ended. Sujoy told them that they missed Vinay and Sunay very much and they were eager to tell them about the enjoyments. 

• (i) Now complete the following sentences. 

(a) Ajoy reported about how the game was played, how the players performed and how the game ended.

(b) Sujoy reported about how they missed Vinay and Sunay and how they were eager to tell them about the enjoyments. 

(ii) The word 'report' means- 

(a) Give a spoken or written account of something. 

(b) Cover an event or subject as a journalist or reporter. 

• (i) Refer to a standard dictionary and find out the meaning of the following words: 

(a) Reportage - 

(b) Reporter 

(c) Reported speech 

(d) Reportorial 

(ii) Find and discuss some examples of reports related to the given topics. 

(a) Award distribution 

(b) Bravery awards 

(c) Any social issue 

• You might have read war stories or watched war movies. Make a list of the factors which make them interesting.

Guess the meanings from the context: 

1. projected –presented 

2. episode - event

3. assigned – given

4. Feature – property

5. Scout- explore 

6. . orchestrated – planned

7. Spell – short period

8. Duels – combats

9. Casualties – people killed, injured

During the war the soldier need to plan strategies. Find some words related with such strategies from the text.

Ans: assigned , mission, deployed, probed, scout, guns ranged, firing targeted,

 

The enemy was taken aback due to the steps taken by the Indian Army. Support your answer. 

Media supported and assisted the battle live. Guess the risk of the media people and the army.

A great humanitarian norm is maintained during the battle. Find out and comment on it.

Captain Karnal Sher Khan of the Pakistan Army was killed. His body was subsequently handed over to the Pakistani authorities. Other bodies of the Pakistani soldiers found scattered around the battleground were collected and buried appropriately.

 

The narrator uses selective words to express the victory. They are…

Ans: Captured, Tiger Hill recapture, likely outcome of the war

BRAINSTORMIMG

(A1) (i) Narrate in your own words a similar based on text to the class. 

(ii) Imagine that you are about to interview the writer. Write 10 to 15 questions regarding the operation.

 

(A2) (i) Enlist any four facts which made the capturing of Tiger Hill a national challenge. 

Ans : Tiger Hill extends about 2200 meters from west to east ,1000 metres north to south, prominent protrusions 500 meters India Gate and Helmet. These are the facts that made Tiger Hill a national challenge.

(ii) Different arms and ammunitions are mentioned in the excerpt. Find their names. 

Ans: The following arms and ammunitions are mentioned in the excerpt. Artillery , Bofors guns field and medium guns, individual guns, 122-mm multibarrelled Grad rocket launchers and mortars .

(iii) Wars are not fought only on the battlefield. Comment.

 

(iv) Prompt reporting is of strategic importance during a war. Refer to the above extract and explain. 

(iv) Read the extract and do the following activities. 

Make a list of the preparations made for an assault on Tiger Hill. 

(a) Throughout the last week of June 1999, 18 Grenadiers….. 

probed to establish the extent of the enemy’s defences and

 

(b) They also explored to………. scout for suitable routes for the assault.

(c) After confirming the multidirectional assault as the best strategy the commanding officer……. of 41 Field Regiment drew up an elaborate artillery

(d) Individual guns…… were ranged so as to cover each objective. 

(e) Bofors guns……. were used in a direct firing role

(v) Complete the flow chart showing the events on the day of the assault. 

(vi) Rewrite the given statements in their order of occurence. 

The most difficult task of maintaining the hold on Tiger Hill was achieved in this way: 

(a) 8 Sikh was ordered to attack and capture Helmet and India Gate. 

(b) Bodies of the Pakistani soldiers were collected and buried appropriately. 

(c) During the ferocious artillery duels the Grenadiers hung on their precarious perch with grit and determination. 

(d) Sikh fought back successfully two counterattacks with forty to fifty personnel. 

(e) An adhoc column of 8 Sikh climbed the steep rock and captured India Gate. 

(f) In spite of heavy casualties, 8 Sikh captured Helmet on 5 July. 

Ans : (c) During the ferocious artillery duels the Grenadiers hung on their precarious perch with grit and determination. 

(a) 8 Sikh was ordered to attack and capture Helmet and India Gate. 

(e) An adhoc column of 8 Sikh climbed the steep rock and captured India Gate. 

(f) In spite of heavy casualties, 8 Sikh captured Helmet on 5 July. 

(d) Sikh fought back successfully two counterattacks with forty to fifty personnel. 

(b) Bodies of the Pakistani soldiers were collected and buried appropriately. 

(A3) (i) Discuss the meanings of the following idioms/phrases and use them in your own sentences. 

(a) To hit the bull’s eye - get something exactly right

He worked hard and hit the bull's eye in the exam.

(b) To be taken by surprise- to encounter someone who is not prepared

Enemy was taken by surprise with the advent of Indian army.

(c) To get a toehold - to obtain an initial, stable position

We got a toehold in learning English with activities.

(d) Under the cover of - being kept secret

Thieves moved under the cover of darkness.

(e) A spell of - a short period

India emerged as a winner under  a spell of Harbhajan.

(ii) Read the following words : 

Brigadier, Commander, capture, evicting, enemy, defense 

All these words are related to the war affairs and war. 

Find more such words from the passage. 

(iii) Understand the usage of the words given: 

After consulting him and Nirmal Chander Singh, we decided to await confirmation from the GOC and Mountain Division. 

You know the verb ‘wait’. But it is an intransitive verb. It doesn’t take a direct object; consequently it cannot be cast into passive voice. Also, the past participle of the verb ‘to wait’ cannot act as an adjective. 

‘The mother waited eagerly’ is a correct sentence as there is no direct object. But ‘The mother waited eagerly the answer from her son.’ is a wrong sentence. ‘The answer’ is the direct object. This sentence can be written by using the phrase ‘wait for’ as ‘The mother waited eagerly for the answer from her son.’ ‘Wait for’ can be taken as the transitive phrasal verb. 

‘To await’ is a transitive verb and it does take a direct object. 

For example, ‘The mother awaited the answer eagerly.’ 

The past participle of it can be used as an adjective. 

The most awaited programme started very late. 

Note that the object of verb ‘await’ is usually an inanimate object. We don’t usually await a person, but we await his answer/ call/ arrival/ letter. 

There are more such words in English. All of them are not verbs. 

For example: Aside, Ashore, Anew, Awake, Afoot. 

Prefix ‘A’ provides certain purpose in the formation of the word. 

(a) Aside- to the side 

(b) Ashore- towards the shore 

(c) Afoot-on foot 

(d) Anew- of new 

(e) Apolitical- not political 

(f) Asleep- in a state or manner 

Share with your friends few more words.

Put ‘a/an’ or ‘the’ at proper places. Put a cross (X) where no article is applicable. 

1. Ravi walked up to…… Principal’s cabin. 

2. Ahmed lives in….. small town 

3. Can I use your…… cell phone ? 

4. Who’s ………woman in your office ? 

5. I need ………English-Marathi dictionary. 

(A5) (i) Imagine that you are one of the soldiers from 18 Grenadiers on the mission Tiger Hill. Narrate your experience of the war to your friend. 

(ii) Would you like to join Indian Army/Navy/ Air force? If not, suggest other ways in which you could serve your nation.

Unit 1.4 Democracy

 ICE BREAKERS 

(i) Discuss with your partner and choose the correct alternative. 

‘Government of the people, by the people and for the people, shall not perish from the earth’. This famous statement is made by - 

(a) Mahatma Gandhi (b) Nelson Mandela 

(c) Abraham Lincoln (d) Dalai Lama 

(ii) A system where the government is elected and ruled by people is called- 

(a) Bureaucracy (b) Aristocracy (c) Democracy (d) Autocracy 

(iii) A democratic country is governed by, its- 

(a) Military (b) Police (c) Politicians (d) Constitution 

(i) The trinity of democracy comprises three principles. Complete the web to show the trinity of democracy. 

(ii) Match the following.

Sr. No. Column A Column B

1. Constitution   a.  It is the freedom to go where you want,

      do what you want etc.

2. Liberty   b. It is the state of being equal, especially in status, 

      rights or opportunities.

3. Equality   c. It is the sense of common brotherhood.

4. Fraternity   d. It is an aggregate of fundamental principles or 

     established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity,

      organization or other type of entity and 

     commonly determine how that entity is to be governed.

Ans : 1.Constitution  ___ d. It is an aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organization or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed.

       2.Liberty ____ a.  It is the freedom to go where you want,do what you want etc.

       3.Equality ____  b. It is the state of being equal, especially in status, rights or opportunities.

       4.Fraternity ____ c. It is the sense of common brotherhood.

(iii) Pillars form a support for concrete buildings. Metaphorically speaking a strong nation too depends on strong pillars. Discuss with your partner and explain the pillars of a democratic nation. Make a list of obstacles that are a threat to the progress of a nation.

Democratic nation rests on four pillars. These are legislation, administration, judiciary and press. For the smooth running of democracy laws are made. It is done by legislative body. The implementation of laws and government policies is taken care of by administration. To assure people about justice there is judiciary department. When these three pillars tremors , the press keeps watch on them. 

A list of obstacles 

1. Corruption 

2. Population Explosion

3. Environment degradation 

(A1) (i) Form groups and use the following topics for discussion. Take the help of your college library and your teacher. 

• Need for democracy 

• Features of the Constitution of India 

• Freedom of speech 

• Dictatorship Vs Democracy 

• Qualities of an ideal politician 

• Equality before law 

(ii) State whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the false statements. 

(a) There is nothing wrong in being grateful to great men. True

(b) Hero-worship leads to dictatorship. True

(c) Liberty cannot be divorced from equality.True 

(d) One man one vote and one vote one value. True

(e) Fraternity means common sense. False Correct : Fraternity means common brotherhood.

(iii) In his speech, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar has expressed his deep concern over the absence of two things in the then Indian society. Discuss with your partner and complete the web. 

(A2) (i) Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar has cited the quotes by John Stuart Mill and Daniel O’Connel. Go through the lesson and write down 4 to 5 lines for each of them. 

Ans: John Stuart Mill advocates not to loose liberty at any cost, not for anybody else. Liberty is a precious gift got with a strenuous struggle and assured with constitution. According to Irish Patriot Daniel O'Connel chastity is important for woman,honour for man and freedom for nation. Nothing is greater than these three principles in the life .  

 

(ii) Discuss with your partner and make a list of steps that you feel are essential to unite the people of different castes, race, religions and languages in India. 

Ans: Social equality as well as economic equality must be brought at the earliest possible.Secondly liberty for all to learn, to speak, to earn is one more step to unite people. A sense of common brotherhood over the language, caste, creed , race, region and religion. 

 

(iii) Write your views/opinions in brief on the following topics. 

(a) We must always cast our vote. 

(b) Liberty, equality and fraternity lead to an ideal nation. 

(c) Steps to be taken to eradicate inequality. 

(d) Role of youth in creating social awareness. 

(A3) (i) Let’s use the Thesaurus. 

Along with your partner, go to library or search the internet for a standard Thesaurus to complete the following table. One is done for you. 

Sr. No. Word Type Synonym Antonym

1. observe verb notice, discern, detect, mark overlook,ignore

2. abandoned adj forsaken,left adopted,cherished

3. grateful adj indebted,obliged ungrateful,thankless

4. initiative noun leadership, lethargy, apathy, idleness

5. peril noun danger, destruction,hazard safety, protection,security

6. separation noun partition,split,break, rupture union, connection, attachment 

(ii) Homograph : Homograph is a word spelt and pronounced like another word but with a different meaning. For example: the word ‘fast’ has two meanings.

The different meanings are-

fast- hold firmly

 fast- to abstain from food

 fast- opposite of slow.

 Go through the text again and make a list of meanings of all the homographs that are found in the text. Also make a list of such words that you know, heard or read somewhere.

 (A4) (i) Go through the statement taken from the text – 

 

‘The social democracy means a way of life which recognises liberty, equality and fraternity’.

 The underlined part of the statement provides us some fact/information about social democracy. The remaining part or the sentence which is not underlined can be converted into a wh-question.

 What does social democracy mean?

 Now go through the underlined part of the statements/sentences given below and change them into questions by using the appropriate Wh-forms.

 (a) In Politics we will be recognizing the principle of ‘one man one vote’ and ‘one vote one value’.

Ans : Which principle will we  be recognizing in politics?

 (b) The politically minded Indians preferred the expression ‘the Indian nation’.

 

Ans: Which expression did the politically minded Indians prefer?

 (c) Fraternity means a sense of common brotherhood of all Indians.

Ans: What does fraternity mean?

 

More Activities 

A1. Complete the table about a life of contradiction .

....... In social & Economic Life

... ...

one vote one value ...

Ans;

In politics In social & Economic Life

equality inequality

one vote one value Deny one man one value

A2. Fraternity leads to the social stability. Explain the statement. 

A3. Mention two things to save democracy. 

A4. Write antonyms of the following words : 

1. deny 2. peril 3. common 4. unity 5. bless 6. importing 7. social 8. national 

A5. Give your opinion about the need of democracy.

A6. Rewrite as instructed 

1. Identify the type of questions.

a. How long shall we continue to live this life of contradiction ?

b. What does fraternity mean?

2. We must remove at the earliest possible moment. ( Begin with - This contradiction .....)